Incorrect threading is the most common reason the bobbin thread won't pick up. Even if the machine looks threaded correctly, starting fresh often solves it immediately.

• Unthread both the top thread and the bobbin completely
• Raise the presser foot before re-threading the upper thread - this opens the tension discs so the thread seats properly
• Follow your machine's threading guide carefully for both the top and bobbin threads

If the bobbin is inserted incorrectly or is the wrong type, the upper thread simply can't catch it.

• Check the direction the bobbin should turn - some machines require clockwise, others counterclockwise; your manual will confirm
• Make sure the thread is pulled through the bobbin tension slot and the bobbin is sitting flat in its case
• Confirm you're using the correct size and style of bobbin for your machine - using the wrong one can cause all sorts of problems

This is a useful trick that can reset the stitching connection and confirm whether the machine is able to pick up the bobbin thread at all.

• Turn the handwheel towards you to lower and then raise the needle through one full cycle
• Hold the top thread loosely and gently pull - this should bring up a loop of bobbin thread
• Use tweezers to pull the loop all the way through the needle plate, then hold both threads to the back or side before sewing

A build-up of lint or thread fragments in the bobbin area can block the hook from catching the bobbin thread.

• Open the bobbin case area and use a small brush to remove any lint, fabric bits or stray threads
• Clean around the feed dogs and the bobbin hook area as well
• If you can remove the needle plate, do so for a more thorough clean underneath

A damaged or incorrectly fitted needle can miss the bobbin loop entirely as it rises, even if everything else is set up correctly.

• Replace the needle if it looks bent, blunt or damaged - when in doubt, fit a fresh one
• Make sure it's fully inserted with the flat side facing the correct direction (usually to the back) and tightened securely

Upper thread tension that's too tight can prevent the thread from looping down far enough to catch the bobbin thread.

• Try easing the upper thread tension slightly and test again on scrap fabric
• If your machine allows bobbin tension adjustment, treat this as a last resort - refer to your manual before making any changes

If you've worked through all the steps above and the machine still won't pick up the bobbin thread, the timing between the needle and the bobbin hook may be off. This happens when the hook isn't in exactly the right position to catch the thread loop as the needle rises - usually caused by wear over time or a serious thread jam.

Timing adjustment is not something to attempt at home. If you suspect this is the cause, get in touch with us and we'll arrange a service.

Before going back to your project, test on a piece of scrap - ideally the same fabric type you're working with. Check that the bobbin thread is being picked up consistently and that stitches are forming properly on both sides of the fabric.