The feed dogs are the small ridged teeth beneath the needle plate that grip and move your fabric. If they're lowered, your fabric simply won't go anywhere.

• Check that the feed dogs are raised and visible above the needle plate
• If they're lowered (a common setting for free-motion sewing), raise them back up using your machine's feed dog control

The presser foot needs to be lowered while you sew. If it's up, the feed dogs can't grip the fabric properly and it won't move.

• Make sure the presser foot is in the down position before you start sewing
• If the foot looks damaged or isn't sitting flat, try swapping it out

Lint and debris can build up quickly in the feed dog area and stop them gripping fabric effectively.

• Use a small brush or vacuum attachment to clear out lint, loose threads, and any bits of fabric from around the feed dogs
• Remove the needle plate if you can to get a more thorough clean underneath

A bent, blunt or incorrectly fitted needle can interfere with feeding as well as stitch formation.

• Replace the needle if it looks bent, dull or damaged - when in doubt, put a fresh one in
• Make sure it's fully inserted and the flat side is facing the correct direction (usually to the back)
• Check you're using the right needle type for your fabric - denim, knits and delicate fabrics all need different needles

If the presser foot pressure is too low, it won't hold the fabric firmly enough for the feed dogs to grip it.

• Check whether your machine allows you to adjust the presser foot pressure (many do)
• Try increasing the pressure slightly if your fabric seems to be slipping
• For very lightweight fabrics, reducing pressure slightly can actually help - it's worth experimenting on scrap

A very short stitch length can make feeding feel sluggish or uneven.

• Set your stitch length to around 2.5mm as a starting point
• Test on scrap fabric and adjust from there - longer for thicker fabrics, shorter for fine ones

Some fabrics are naturally more difficult to feed than others and may need a little extra help.

• Thick or heavy fabrics like denim, canvas or multiple layers do better with a walking foot, which feeds the fabric from the top and bottom simultaneously
• Slippery or silky fabrics can shift easily - try a walking foot or use clips and pins close to the seam line
• Make sure your needle weight matches your fabric - a fine needle in thick fabric will struggle

Internal friction from a dry or poorly maintained machine can affect how smoothly everything runs, including the feeding mechanism.

• Check your manual to see whether your machine requires oiling and where to apply it - not all machines do
• If your machine hasn't been serviced in a while, a professional service can make a significant difference - once a year is a good benchmark

Before going back to your project, test on a piece of scrap - ideally the same fabric type you're working with. This confirms the fix is working and lets you dial in your settings without risking your actual project.